Excess urine production → poorly controlled DM, diuretic use, hypercalcemia, diabetes insipidus (central or nephrogenic), CHF w/redistribution of volume at night
Meds can interfere w/ability to void: Anti-cholinergics, pseudophedrine, benzodiazepines, narcotics, other - in particular if superimposed on bph
Osteoarthritis or anything that impairs ability to get up and go to bathroom
Atrophic vaginitis in post-menopausal women
Among older patients in particular: Infection, delirium, immobility, meds, stool impaction, advanced dementia