- Osteoporosis (see link below)
- Cancer-->pathological fracture
- Combinations of these factors (e.g. osteoporosis + trauma)
- High force injury
- Osteoporosis--> related to age, post-menapausal state for women, prior osteoporosis related fracture, other factors (see link below)
- Malignancy w/predilection for bone
- Acute pain, worse by any movement
- Neuro deficits (weakness, numbness, incontinence, etc) if fracture associated with cord or nerve root impingement/compression
- Patient often in obvious pain w/any movement
- Pain on palpation over fracture
- Neuro deficits if roots or cord compressed