Low vitamin D levels, from breakdowns along the pathway: low nutritional intake and/or lack of sun, dark skin color (decreased D2 and D3); decreased production D-25 OH (liver); decreased production D 1, 25-OH (chronic kidney disease)
Socio-economic factors affecting access to adequate/appropriate food
Weight loss surgery (gastric by-pass, sleeve gastrectomy, other)--> impaired absorption
Chronic infection leading to overall poor nutrition: HIV, TB, other
Idiopathic hypercalcuria
Other disorders leading to chronic malabsorption
Risk Factors
Dark skin
Poor nutrition
Chronic kidney disease
Impaired absorbtion
Symptoms
May have pain and/or dysfunction at site of fracture
Fracture may occur at early age and/or with less than expected force
May have radiographic evidence osteoporosis/osteomalacia in absence of symptoms