- 95% of germ cell tumors occur in testes (see link to testicular cancer)
- 5% occur primarily outside of testes, presumably from germ cells misplaced during embryologic migration to testes
- Extra-gonadal sites are typically midline: anterior mediastinum (50-60%), retroperitoneum (30-40%), Intracranial, other
- Germ cell tumors are Seminomas (40%) and Non-seminomas (60%): embryonal, yolk sac, choriocarcinoma, teratoma
- Klinefelter syndrome (47 XXY)
- Can include: chest pain, SOB, DOE, cough, fever, weight loss, abdominal or back pain
- Testicular exam to assess for mass/nodule indicating gonadal primary
- Ultrasound testes to assure no occult primary testicular cancer
- CT or MRI of affected area
- AFP and bHCG as serum tumor markers