- Anything that causes acute disruption in return of blood to heart: tension pneumothorax
- Any process that acute limits LV filling: acute tamponade, pulmonary embolism, etc
- These are related to the underlying acute process
- Often very ill, with SOB, DOE, symptoms of hypoperfusion
- Often abnormal vital signs indicative severe illness: tachycardia, tachypnea, hypotension
- Other findings based on underlying process (see links below)