- Primary/idiopathic hemolysis
- Secondary hemolysis (listed below):
- Connective tissue d/o→ e.g. lupus, RA, ulcerative colitis, other
- Infection→ viral, mycoplasma, other
- Malignancy→ CLL, lymphoma (Hodgkins and NHL), some solid tumor, other
- Meds→ e.g. penicillins or cephalosporins
- SOB, DOE, Fatigue, palpitations
- May have tachycardia (depending on degree of anemia)
- Jaundice, icterus
- Findings associated with primary process (if hemolysis is a secondary d/o)
- Macro or normocytic anemia; reticulocytosis; elevated LDH, indirect bilirubin; decreased haptoglobin
- + warm or cold antibodies