- Related to impaired ventricular relaxation (diastolic dysfunction)
- Chronic hypertension: typically sub-optimally controlled
- Restrictive or infiltrative cardiomyopathy: sarcoid, amyloidosis, hemochromatosis
- Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, including sub-aortic stenosis
- Valvular or other structural heart disease: aortic stenosis, aortic insufficiency, mitral regurg, mitral stenosis, pulmonary vein stenosis
- Hypertnsive emergency
- Age > 70
- Female
- Obesity
- DM
- HTN
- Can be precipitated by a fib
- Lower extremity edema
- Rales on lung exam
- Volume overload for any other medical reason: Advanced kidney disease, liver disease, other. Often co-exists with above/other disease states.