- Unusual, massive proximal dvt
- Hypercoaguable state
- External compression of iliac or proximal femoral veins
- Acute, extensive leg swelling
- Evidence arterial insufficiency/ischemia secondary to increased tissue pressure
- Marked asymmetric edema, extending to proximal leg (thigh)
- Diminished pulses
- Delayed capillary refill, cool, dusky/bluish skin appearance