- Typically GNRs (e.g. e coli, kebsiella) or GPCs (e.g. strep) that find their way (via translocation from GI tract, v other mechanisms) into ascites
- Ascites, typically caused by advanced liver disease
- Low ascitic protein (< 1.5 --> less ability to opsonize bacteria) increases risk
- Acute abd pain/discomfort which can be subtle
- Sometimes lower bp
- Generalized abd tenderness in patient with ascites
- For diagnosis, need sample of ascitic fluid: appearance, culture, gram stain, cell count, LDH, albumin, T protein, glucose
- With SBP, > 500 wbcs (> 250 pmns), may see organisms on gram stain, may have + Cx; SAAG > 1.1 (as most have portal htn)